The 13ID-D high pressure beamline upgrade: New opportunities for studying materials at extreme conditions

The 13ID-D high-pressure X-ray diffraction beamline at GSECARS (APS, USA) has proudly served hundreds of diamond anvil cells (DAC) users worldwide in the past 25 years. The APS-U upgrade has introduced a new era of significant technical advances in hardware, software, and emerging techniques at 13ID-D. The user community will be greeted with compelling features, such as hundreds of times more brightness on a 300 nm X-ray focused beam, new high precision stages for smooth sample motion, a vibration-free granite base table, an Eiger2 9M CdTe detector with high spatial resolution, a revised double-sided laser heating system with updated optical layout, an optimized high-resolution on-line Raman spectroscopy system, a supercontinuum laser for reflectivity/absorption measurements at high temperatures in the laser-heated DAC, as well as updated user-friendly software, operation protocols and supporting labs. These cutting-edge developments stimulate research at multi-Mbar pressures, where novel compounds such as superconductors or ultra-incompressible materials can be synthesized, and super-Earth planetary interiors can be studied. Analytical methods such as single-crystal X-ray diffraction on complex multiphase/multigrain samples, fine 2D X-ray diffraction mapping with sub-micron precision, high-pressure X-ray diffraction at high or cryogenic temperatures, and dynamic compression in the laser-heated DAC are only some of the many new capabilities that 13ID-D highlights.