The Future of Compression Science: Controlling Material Response

We are at a unique point in history for our scientific field, in that the experimental tools and computational powers have matured such that the direct comparison of timedependent properties and the connection of scales (atomistic to continuum) are within our reach. The realization of this intellectual goal and the resulting development of accurate physical models will enable an era in which we have moved from ``the science of observation'' to ``the science of control.'' To achieve this goal, we require exquisitely characterized materials, revolutionary time-dependent diagnostic tools, and unprecedented computational powers. This paper will examine the near-term experimental possibility of DC-CAT (within a few years; coupling synchrotron radiation with dynamic drivers); the mid-term possibilities of LCLS (and the future availability of x-ray FELs); and in the long term, the role of multiple simultaneous measurements (e.g. MaRIE and the ability to make multiple measurements in a time-resolved manner in a single shot) and how this data, when coupled with advanced physical models and computational powers, will enable an era in which we can ``Predict and Control Material Performance in the Extremes.''