Bose Condensation of Upper-Branch Exciton-Polaritons in a Transferable Microcavity

POSTER

Abstract

Exciton-polaritons as bosonic quasiparticles are ideal objects for realizing Bose-Einstein condensation in a solid environment due to the light-effective mass, which is the crucial step towards the next-generation optical device [1-2]. Simultaneously, the advent of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers has introduced a new realm of materials for polaritons [3-5]. Here, we report the first observation of upper polariton Bose-Einstein condensation in a transferrable WS2 monolayer microcavity [6]. The evidence has been shown of a nonlinear intensity increasing, linewidth decreasing and energy blueshift in power-dependent measurement. The upper polaritons accumulate more in the ground state above the threshold. We also observe an increase in coherent time above the threshold. The dynamic rate equation shows a crucial conversion time from upper polariton to lower polariton, which should be larger than the upper polariton lifetime, leading to the possibility of condensation. Quantum Boltzmann equation simulation shows the upper polariton condensation would happen in a critical particle density and special detuning. Our work paves the way for further understanding condensation competition in open-dissipative quantum systems while linking to practical applications, shedding light on both fundamental aspects of quantum physics and practical laser technologies.

*The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1200803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12174111, 12227807 and 12174112), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (21PJ1403000), the Shanghai Sailing Program (20YF1411600) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. (23ZR1419800). D.S. and H.A. and J.B. and Q.W. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DMR-2004570) and MURI (W911NF-17-1-0312), respectively.

Publication: [1] Balili, R.; Hartwell, V.; Snoke, D.; Pfeiffer, L.; West, K. Bose–Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap. Science 2007, 316, 1007– 1010;
[2] Kasprzak, J.; Richard, M.; Kundermann, S.; Baas, A.; Jeambrun, P.; Keeling, J. M. J.; Marchetti, F.; Szymańska, M.; André, R.; Staehli, J. Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons. Nature 2006, 443, 409– 414;
[3] Liu, X.; Galfsky, T.; Sun, Z.; Xia, F.; Lin, E.-c.; Lee, Y.-H.; Kéna-Cohen, S.; Menon, V. M. Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals. Nat. Photonics 2015, 9, 30– 34;
[4] Anton-Solanas, C.; Waldherr, M.; Klaas, M.; Suchomel, H.; Harder, H. T.; Cai, H.; Sedov, E.; Klembt, S.; Kavokin, V. A.; Tongay, S.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Höfling, S.; Schneider, C. Bosonic condensation of exciton–polaritons in an atomically thin crystal. Nat. Materials 2021, 20, 1233-1239;
[5] Zhao, J.; Su, R.; Fieramosca, A.; Zhao, W.; Du, W.; Liu, X.; Diederichs, C.; Sanvitto, D.; Liew, T. C.; Xiong, Q. Ultralow threshold polariton condensate in a monolayer semiconductor microcavity at room temperature. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 3331– 3339;
[6] Chen, X. Z.; Alnatah, H.; Mao, D. Q.; Xu, M. Y.; Fan, Y. N.; Wan, Q. C.; Beaumariage, J.; Xie, W.; Xu, H. X.; Shi, Z. Y.; Snoke, D.; Sun, Z.; Wu, J.; Bose Condensation of Upper-Branch Exciton-Polaritons in a Transferable Microcavity. Nano Lett. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03123

Presenters

  • Hassan A Alnatah

    • University of Pittsburgh

Authors

  • Xingzhou Chen

    • East China Normal University

  • Hassan A Alnatah

    • University of Pittsburgh

  • Danqun Mao

    • East China Normal University

  • Mengyao Xu

    • East China Normal University

  • Qiaochu Wan

    • University of Pittsburgh

  • Jonathan C Beaumariage

    • University of Pittsburgh

  • Wei Xie

    • East China Normal University

  • Hongxing Xu

    • East China Normal University

  • Zhe-Yu Shi

    • East China Normal University

  • David W Snoke

    • University of Pittsburgh

  • Jian Wu

    • East China Normal University; Shanxi University; Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University; CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science

  • Zheng Sun

    • East China Normal University