Moiré phonon in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattice

We theoretically study in-plane acoustic phonons of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattice by using a continuum model. The original phonon bands of individual layers are found to be strongly hybridized and reconstructed into moiré phonon bands consisting of dispersive bands and flat bands. The phonon band structure can be effectively described by a spring-mass network model to simulate the motion of moiré domain walls, where the flat-band modes are interpreted as vibrations of independent, decoupled strings.



We also show that the moiré phonon has angular momentum due to the inversion symmetry breaking by hBN, with high amplitudes concentrated near narrow gap region. Finally, we apply the same approach to twisted bilayer graphene, and we find a notable difference between the origins of the flat-band modes in G/hBN and TBG, reflecting distinct geometric structures of domain pattern.