Topological moiré minibands and correlated Chern insulator from periodically confined massive Dirac fermions

Strong electronic correlation in topological flat minibands renders moiré superlattices fascinating for accessing novel quantum states. Here we demonstrate a generic mechanism to realize topological flat minibands by confining massive Dirac fermions in a periodic moiré potential, which can be potentially realized in a heterobilayer of transition metal dichalcogenides. We show that the topological phase can be protected by the symmetry of moiré potential and survive to arbitrarily large Dirac band gap. We take the MoTe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayer as an example and find that the topological phase can be driven by a vertical electric field. By projecting the Coulomb interaction onto the topological fat minibands, we identify a correlated Chern insulator at half filling and a quantum valley-spin Hall insulator at full filling. Our work clarifies the importance of Dirac structure for the topological minibands and unveils a general strategy to design topological moiré materials.