Controlling spin Dynamics in permalloy nanodisks arranged on honeycomb lattices

There has been significant interest in studies of spin dynamics in artificial spin ice (ASI) systems due to their potential applications in magnonic devices. Here, we present experimental and theoretical studies of spin dynamics in artificial spin ice arrays¹, which consist of contacting and non-contacting honeycomb lattices made of ferromagnetic nanodisks². The nanodisks are patterned on a co-planar waveguide using nanofabrication by electron-beam lithography, electron-beam evaporation of permalloy (NiFe), and lift-off. We employ broadband ferromagnetic resonance to experimentally determine the spin-wave spectra, which are found to be in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations using Mumax³. We demonstrate that the complex spin dynamics of the ASI systems can be controlled by the excitation frequency. Our study opens up new opportunities for designing specific applications in the emerging field of magnonics.