Discovery of a topological quantum link

ORAL

Abstract

Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to form our foundation for understanding superfluids, magnets, the quantum Hall effect, topological insulators and Weyl semimetals. We introduce a remarkable linking number (knot theory) invariant associated with loops of electronic band crossings in the mirror-symmetric ferromagnet Co2MnGa [1-4]. By ARPES, we observe three intertwined degeneracy loops in the bulk Brillouin zone three-torus, T3, and find that each loop links each other loop twice. We explicitly draw the link diagram of this linked loop quantum state and conclude, in analogy with knot theory, a linking number of (2,2,2). On the sample surface, we further predict and observe Seifert boundary states protected by the bulk linked loops, suggestive of a Seifert bulk-boundary correspondence. Our quantum loop link motivates the application of knot theory to the exploration of quantum matter.

1. I. Belopolski et al. Nature 604, 647 (2022).

2. I. Belopolski et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 256403 (2021).

3. I. Belopolski et al. Science 365, 6459 (2019).

4. M. Z. Hasan, G. Chang, I. Belopolski et al. Nat. Rev. Mat. 6, 784 (2021).

*M.Z.H. acknowledges the US DOE, Office of Sci., Natl. Quant. Info. Sci. Res. Cent., Quant. Sci. Cent.; Princeton Univ.; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4547, GBMF9461); US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences (DOE/BES DE-FG-02-05ER46200).

Publication: I. Belopolski et al. Observation of a linked-loop quantum state in a topological magnet. Nature 604, 647-652 (2022).

Presenters

  • Ilya Belopolski

    • RIKEN
    • RIKEN CEMS

Authors

  • Ilya Belopolski

    • RIKEN
    • RIKEN CEMS
  • Guoqing Chang

    • Nanyang Technological University
    • Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
    • Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
  • Tyler A Cochran

    • Princeton University
  • Zi-Jia Cheng

    • Princeton University
  • Xian Yang

    • Princeton University
  • Cole Hugelmeyer

    • Princeton University
  • Kaustuv Manna

    • Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
  • Jia-Xin Yin

    • 2Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
    • Princeton University
  • Guangming Cheng

    • Princeton University
  • Maksim Litskevich

    • Princeton University
  • Nana Shumiya

    • Princeton University
  • Songtian Sonia Zhang

    • Columbia University
  • Chandra Shekhar

    • Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
  • Niels B Schröter

    • Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics
    • Paul Scherrer Institut
  • Alla Chikina

    • Paul Scherrer Institut
    • Aarhus University
  • Craig Polley

    • MAXIV laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
    • MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
    • MAX IV Laboratory
  • Balasubramanian Thiagarajan

    • MAXIV Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
    • MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
    • MAX IV Laboratory
  • Mats Leandersson

    • MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
  • Johan Adell

    • MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
  • Shin-Ming Huang

    • Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ
  • Nan Yao

    • Princeton University
  • Vladimir N Strocov

    • Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut
    • Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Insitute
    • Swiss Light Source
    • Paul Scherrer Institut
  • Claudia Felser

    • Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physic
    • Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
  • M. Zahid M Hasan

    • Princeton University