Charge regulation in colloidal system

The acid-base equilibrium in a system directly influences the functionality and behavior of particles in a system. In most cases, the particles win or lose charge due to the ionization of the acidic or basic groups. The degree of ionization and their intermolecular electrostatic interactions are controlled by varying pH and the salt concentration of the solution in the system. Although the pH can be tuned in experiments, it is hard to model the effect by simulations or with theoretical approaches. This is because of the difficulty in treating charge regulation effects in each particle to be considered in the system. In this work, we analyze pH effects as a function of the density of colloidal particles via simulations and find the phase diagram of the system.