Computing with spin qubits at the surface code error threshold

High-fidelity control of quantum bits is paramount for the reliable execution of quantum algorithms and for achieving fault-tolerance, the ability to correct errors faster than they occur. The central requirement for fault-tolerance is expressed in terms of an error threshold. Whereas the actual threshold depends on many details, a common target is the ~1% error threshold of the well-known surface code. Reaching two-qubit gate fidelities above 99% has been a long-standing major goal for semiconductor spin qubits. These qubits are promising for scaling as they can leverage advanced semiconductor technology. Here we report a spin-based quantum processor in silicon with single- and two-qubit gate fidelities all above 99.5%, extracted from gate set tomography. The average single-qubit gate fidelities remain above 99% when including crosstalk and idling errors on the neighboring qubit. Having surpassed the 99% barrier for the two-qubit gate fidelity, semiconductor qubits are well positioned on the path to fault-tolerance and to possible applications in the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. In this talk I will focus on the aspects which leads to the realization of the high-fidelity CZ gate and what we can learn from the remaining errors.