Modeling Networks of Superconducting Qubit Arrays from the Physical to Processing Layers

A network of distributed, superconductor-based, quantum processors may overcome the challenge of adding qubits without promoting errors and cross-talk. Quantum links can also couple distant qubits in one array to decrease circuit depth requirements. Quantum computing will further expand to complex, heterogeneous networks. Key is a high-level link model that reflects important physics while abstracting details. Questions remain as to which constraints dominate among noise, latency, throughput, loss and range. Answers vary between media.

We explore a distributed quantum system interconnect model and compare architectures in terms of technology, topology and scale. Based on experimental literature, we model short microwave links between superconducting chips. High speed and efficiency suggest near-term potential to accelerate paths to quantum advantages. We contrast with long-term potential of optical links. Qualitatively distinct media fit varied applications, timelines and physical analogies.