Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect in bilayer WTe2

 · Invited

Abstract

The electrical Hall effect is the production of a transverse voltage under an out-of-plane magnetic field. In nonmagnetic materials without external magnetic fields, the electrical Hall effect is rarely explored because of the constraint by time-reversal symmetry. However, only the Hall effect in the linear response regime identically vanishes due to time-reversal symmetry. The Hall effect in the non-linear response regime, on the other hand, may not be subject to such symmetry constraints. Here, we report the observation of the nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) in the electrical transport of the nonmagnetic 2D quantum material, bilayer WTe2. The NLHE exhibits unusual properties sharply distinct from the AHE in metals: The NLHE shows a quadratic I-V characteristic; It strongly dominates the nonlinear longitudinal response, leading to a Hall angle of about 90 deg. We further show that the NLHE directly measures the “dipole moment” of the Berry curvature, which arises from layer-polarized Dirac fermions in bilayer WTe2. Our results demonstrate a new Hall effect and provide a powerful methodology to detect Berry curvature in a wide range of nonmagnetic quantum materials in an energy-resolved way.

*NG and SYX acknowledge support from DOE, BES DMSE (data taking and analysis), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4540 (manuscript writing) and National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1809815 (modeling). Work in the PJH group was partly supported by the Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US DOE, Office of Science, BES under Award Number DESC0001088 (fabrication and measurement) and partly through AFOSR grant FA9550-16-1-0382 (data analysis), as well as the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4541 to PJH. This work made use of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Shared Experimental Facilities supported by the NSF (Grant No. DMR-0819762).

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Presenters

  • Suyang Xu

    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • MIT
    • Physics, MIT
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Authors

  • Suyang Xu

    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • MIT
    • Physics, MIT
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

  • Qiong Ma

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Shen Huitao

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • David MacNeill

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Physics, MIT

  • Valla Fatemi

    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Yale Univ
    • Applied Physics, Yale University
    • Department of Applied Physics, Yale University

  • Tay-Rong Chang

    • National Cheng Kung University
    • Physics, National Cheng Chung University
    • Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
    • Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University
    • Physics, National Tsing Hua University
    • Physics, National Cheng Kung University

  • Andres M. Mier Valdivia

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Sanfeng Wu

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Zongzheng Du

    • Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology

  • Chuang-Han Hsu

    • Department of Physics, National University of Singapore

  • Shiang Fang

    • Department of Physics, Harvard University
    • Physics, Harvard University
    • Harvard University

  • Quinn Gibson

    • Department of Chemistry, Princeton University

  • Kenji Watanabe

    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 0044, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044
    • National Institute of Materials Science
    • NIMS, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, NIMS
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
    • NIMS Tsukuba
    • National Institute for Materials Science (Japan)
    • NIMS
    • National Institute for Material Science
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science , Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305- 0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science - Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan
    • National Institute of Material Science
    • Advanced Material Lab, NIMS
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba
    • 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, National Institute for Materials Science
    • NIMS/Tsukuba
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, NIMS, Japan
    • Columbia University
    • Advanced Materials Labaratory, National Institute for Materials Science
    • National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-0044, Japan
    • National Institute of Materials Science, Japan

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044
    • National Institute of Materials Science
    • NIMS, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, NIMS
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
    • NIMS Tsukuba
    • NIMS
    • National Institute for Material Science
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science , Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305- 0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science - Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan
    • National Institute of Material Science
    • Advanced Material Lab, NIMS
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba
    • 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, National Institute for Materials Science
    • NIMS/Tsukuba
    • National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
    • National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, 305-0044, Japan
    • National Institute for Material Science, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Laboratory, NIMS, Japan
    • Advanced Materials Labaratory, National Institute for Materials Science
    • National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-0044, Japan
    • National Institute of Materials Science, Japan

  • Robert Cava

    • Department of Chemistry, Princeton University
    • Princeton University
    • Chemistry, Princeton U.
    • Chemistry, Princeton University

  • Efthimios Kaxiras

    • Harvard University
    • Department of Physics, Harvard University
    • Physics, Harvard University

  • Haizhou Lu

    • Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology
    • Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology

  • Hsin Lin

    • Academia Sinica
    • Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
    • Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
    • Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
    • Physics, Academia Sinica
    • Department of Physics, National University of Singapore
    • National University of Singapore
    • Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

  • Liang Fu

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • MIT
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Nuh Gedik

    • Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Pablo Jarillo-Herrero

    • Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
    • Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT
    • Physics, MIT