Enhancement of Raman scattering from monolayer graphene by photonic crystal nanocavities

Monolayer graphene is an atomically thin two-dimensional material that shows strong Raman scattering, while photonic crystal nanocavities with small mode volumes allow for efficient optical coupling at the nanoscale.\footnote{X. Gan, K. F. Mak, Y. Gao, Y. You, F. Hatami, J. Hone, T. F. Heinz, and D. Englund, Nano Lett. 12, 5626 (2012).} Here we demonstrate resonant enhancement of graphene Raman G$^\prime$ band by coupling to photonic crystal cavity modes. Hexagonal-lattice photonic crystal L3 cavities are fabricated from silicon-on-insulator substrates,\footnote{R. Watahiki, T. Shimada, P. Zhao, S. Chiashi, S. Iwamoto, Y. Arakawa, S. Maruyama, and Y. K. Kato, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 141124 (2012).}$^,$\footnote{X. Liu, T. Shimada, R. Miura, S. Iwamoto, Y. Arakawa, and Y. K. Kato, Phys. Rev. Applied 3, 014006 (2015).} and monolayer graphene sheets grown by chemical vapor deposition are transferred onto the nanocavities. Excitation wavelength dependence of Raman spectra show that the Raman intensity is enhanced when the G$^\prime$ peak is in resonance with the cavity mode. By performing imaging measurements, we confirm that such an enhancement is only observed at the cavity position.