Experimental loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 km

ORAL

Abstract

50 years ago[1], John Bell proved that no theory of nature that obeys locality and realism can reproduce all the predictions of quantum theory. Numerous Bell inequality tests have been reported, however, all experiments reported so far required additional assumptions to obtain a contradiction with local realism, resulting in loopholes. Here we will present[2] a Bell experiment that is free of any such additional assumption. We use an event-ready scheme that enables the generation of robust entanglement between distant electron spins. Efficient spin read-out avoids the fair-sampling assumption, while the use of fast random-basis selection and spin read-out combined with a spatial separation of 1.3 km ensure the required locality conditions. We performed 245 trials that tested the CHSH--Bell inequality S$\le $2 and found S$=$2.42$+$-0.20. A null-hypothesis test yields a probability of P$\le $0.039 that a local-realist model for space-like separated sites could produce data with a violation at least as large as we observe, even when allowing for memory in the devices. [1] J.S. Bell, Physics 1, 195-200, (1964) [2] Hensen et al. Nature 526, 682 (2015)

Authors

  • B Hensen

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • H Bernien

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • A E Dr\'{e}au

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • A Reiserer

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • N Kalb

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • M S Blok

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • J Ruitenberg

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • R F L Vermeulen

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • R N Schouten

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • C Abell\'{a}n

    • ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Inst. of Sc. and Tech., Spain
  • W Amaya

    • ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Inst. of Sc. and Tech., Spain
  • V Pruneri

    • ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Inst. of Sc. and Tech., Spain
  • M W Mitchell

    • ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Inst. of Sc. and Tech., Spain
  • M Markham

    • Element Six Innovation, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
  • D J Twitchen

    • Element Six Innovation, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
  • D Elkous

    • QuTech, Delft Univ. of Tech., The Netherlands
  • S Wehner

    • QuTech, Delft Univ. of Tech., The Netherlands
  • T H Taminiau

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands
  • R Hanson

    • QuTech & Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. of Tech. The Netherlands