Study of vison-spinon bound states on the kagome lattice

We search for low-energy vison-spinon bound states on the kagome lattice. We do this by applying an optimization algorithm to a bosonic spin liquid state with a well separated pair of visons inserted. The resulting wavefunction reveals that the low energy eigen-modes correspond to bound spinon states localized around the visons. We study these modes and their symmetry properties. Our results provide evidence supporting the low energy effective theories of Z2 spin liquids whose bosonic spinons, fermonic spinons and visions are characterized by projective symmetry groups consistent with the expected fusion rules and duality relations.