Friction, Adhesion, and Elasticity of Grahene Edges

Frictional, adhesive, and elastic characteristics of graphene edges are determined through lateral force microscopy. Measurements reveal a significant local frictional increase at exposed graphene edges, whereas a single overlapping layer of graphene removes this local frictional increase. Comparison of lateral force and atomic force microscopy measurements shows that local forces on the probe are successfully modeled with a vertical adhesion in the vicinity of the atomic-scale graphene steps. Lateral force microscopy performed with carefully maintained probes shows evidence of elastic straining of graphene edges which are consistent with out-of-plane bending of the edges.