Non-neutral theory of biodiversity: Bose-Einstein condensation in ecosystems

We present a non-neutral stochastic model for the dynamics taking place in a meta- community ecosystems in presence of migration. The model provides a framework for describing the emergence of multiple ecological scenarios and behaves in two extreme limits either as the unified neutral theory of biodiversity or as the Bak-Sneppen model. Interestingly, the model shows a condensation phase transition where one species becomes the dominant one, the diversity in the ecosystems is strongly reduced and the ecosystem is non-stationary. This phase transition can be mapped to a Bose- Einsetin condensation and extend the principle of competitive exclusion to open ecosystems. These framework might be relevant for the study of the impact of invasive species in native ecologies.