Solid helium nanometer inclusions in LiNbO$_{3}$

POSTER

Abstract

He implantation is a reoccurring technique in a variety of fabrication strategies for microelectronic and optical devices. Because of its extremely low solubility in crystals, impurity He atoms are known to nucleate and accumulate as bubbles in metals which can result in the build up of extremely high pressures near the crystal's theoretical shear strength. It is of interest to extend the understanding of the atomic-scale He inclusions in complex oxides, which offer a wide variation in mechanical and unusual ionic and dielectric properties. We show, using high-resolution-TEM of He-implanted LiNbO$_{3}$, that He inclusions in LiNbO$_{3}$ hold extremely high pressure, and are probably at solid phase. In addition, the energetically favored shape of the inclusions is spherical and not oblate as predicted by elastic theory. When annealed, the spherical He bubbles migrate and accumulate into a nonoblate thick bubble due to preferred pyramid-twinning-system orientation.

Authors

  • Avishai Ofan

    • Columbia University
  • Lihua Zhang

    • Brookhaven National Laboratory
  • Ophir Gaathon

    • Columbia University
  • Sasha Bakhru

    • SUNY Albany
  • Hassaram Bakhru

    • SUNY Albany
  • David Welch

    • Brookhaven National Laboratory
  • Yimei Zhu

    • Brookhaven National Laboratory
    • Brookhaven National Lab
  • Richard Osgood

    • Columbia University, New York, NY
    • Columbia University