Introduction and history of Capacitive Coupled Low Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD) detectors.

ORAL  · Invited

Abstract

Particle detectors at future lepton or hadron colliders will require very large area trackers with O(10)um spatial resolution. A timing capability of O(10)ps in addition should allow more efficient and reliable reconstruction of particles from primary collisions in high intensity hadron colliders. Precision timing together with spatial information will be critical not only to disentangle spatially overlapping or other with ambiguous events but also to identify the particles with different mass as well as sensitive to the mass of heavy unknown charged particles. The Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology is now becoming mature achieving a 30ps time resolution. Concerning the spatial resolution, high granularity electrodes potentially introduce a non-uniformity of timing performance. The Capacitive coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have shown to achieve a 20-30ps timing resolution with the finely segmented electrodes fully uniformly. In this presentation, a general introduction and history of AC-LGAD detectors will be described.

*We would like to acknowledge Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. for the fabrication of various types of AC-LGAD sensors and the discussions with the personnel have been very inspiring and fruitful. This research was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for scientific research on advanced basic research (Grant No. 19H05193, 19H04393, 21H0073 and 21H01099) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, of Japan as well as the Proposals for the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics from JFY2019 to JFY2023 granted by High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). In conducting the present research program, the following facilities have been very important: Research Center for ELectron PHoton Science (ELPH) and Cyclotron Radio Isotope Center (CYRIC) at Tohoku University, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) at Takasaki, and Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL).

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Publication: • S.Kita, K. Nakamura, T. Ueda, I. Goya, K. Hara "Optimization of capacitively coupled Low Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD) sensors for precise time and spatial resolution" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 1048, March 2023, 168009
• S. Kita, K. Nakamura et. al. "Development of AC-LGAD detector with finer pitch electrodes for high energy physics experiment", Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX), submitted.
• Ryan Heller, Christopher Madrid, Artur Apresyan, William K. Brooks, Wei Chen, Gabriele D'Amen, Gabriele Giacomini, Ikumi Goya, Kazuhiko Hara, Sayuka Kita, Sergey Los, Adam Molnar, Koji Nakamura, Cristián Peña, Claudio San Martín, Alessandro Tricoli, Tatsuki Ueda, Si Xie, "Characterization of BNL and HPK AC-LGAD sensors with a 120 GeV proton beam", Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 17, May 2022

Presenters

  • Koji Nakamura

    • High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
    • KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

Authors

  • Koji Nakamura

    • High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
    • KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

  • Sayuka Kita

    • University of Tsukuba

  • Tomoka Imamura

    • University of Tsukuba

  • Kazuhiko Hara

    • University of Tsukuba

  • Artur Apresyan

    • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Alessandro Tricoli

    • Brookhaven National Laboratory

  • Christopher Madrid

    • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Zhenyu Ye

    • University of Illinois at Chicago

  • Ryan Heller

    • Lorents Berkeley National Laboratory

  • Irene Dutta

    • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Gabriele D'Amen

    • BNL
    • Brookhaven National Laboratory

  • Gabriele Giacomini

    • BNL
    • Brookhaven National Laboratory