Equilibrium charge state distributions of Ni, Co, and Cu beams in molybdenum foil at 2 MeV/u

The charge states of heavy-ions are important for the study of nuclear reactions in inverse kinematics when electromagnetic recoil mass spectrometers are used. The passage of recoil products through a material, like the windows of gas cells or charge state boosters, results a charge state distribution (CSD) in the exit. This distribution must be known for the extraction of any cross section since only few charge-state can be transmitted through a magnetic separator separator for a given setting. The calculation of CSDs for heavy ions is challenging. Currently we rely on semi-empirical models with unknown accuracy for ion/target combinations in the Z$>$20 region. In the present study were measured the CSDs of the stable $^{60}$Ni, $^{59}$Co, and $^{63}$Cu beams while passing through a 1$\mu$m molybdenum foil. The beam energies were 1.84 MeV/u, 2.09 MeV/u, and 2.11 MeV/u for the $^{60}$Ni, $^{59}$Co, and $^{63}$Cu respectively. The results of this study mainly check the accuracy of the semi-empirical models used by the program LISE++, on calculating CSDs for ion/target combinations of Z$>$20. In addition, other empirical models on calculating mean charge states were compared and checked.