Immiscible binary spin mixtures in 2D Bose-Einstein condensates

ORAL

Abstract

Immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates feature spin domains separated by nearly 1D domain walls; this offers a wide range of opportunities for studying nonlinear, thermodynamic, and out-of-equilibrium physics. Experimentally, we create a binary mixture of two hyperfine states in a quasi-2D 23Na Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a 2D box potential. Controlled by a magnetic field gradient, colorful dynamics on the domain walls--the ripplon excitations in the stable configuration and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the unstable configuration--are observed and reported in [1]. The formation and relaxation of the domains offer insights into the spin turbulence [2]. The presence of "soft" interface modes also opens avenues to ultra-low temperature thermometry. Stabilizing unstable interface modes under a parametric drive would also serve as a parallel to what is observed in classical fluids [3].

[1] Y. Geng, J. Tao, M. Zhao, S. Mukherjee, S. Eckel, G. K. Campbell, and I. B. Spielman, The Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a Binary Quantum Fluid, arXiv:2411.19807 [cond-mat.quant-gas].

2] T. Kadokura and H. Saito, Kolmogorov-Hinze Scales in Turbulent Superfluids, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, (2024).

[3] B. Apffel, F. Novkoski, A. Eddi, and E. Fort, Floating under a levitating liquid, Nature 585, 48 (2020).

*This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the National Science Foundation through the Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation (grant OMA-2120757); and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative "RAPSYDY in Q'' (FA9550-22-1-0339).

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Presenters

  • Yanda Geng

    • University of Maryland College Park

Authors

  • Yanda Geng

    • University of Maryland College Park

  • Shouvik Mukherjee

    • University of Maryland, College Park

  • Mingsh Zhao

    • University of Maryland, College Park
    • JQI

  • Junheng Tao

    • University of Maryland College Park

  • Stephen P Eckel

    • National Institute of Standards and Technology
    • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

  • Gretchen K Campbell

    • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

  • Ian B Spielman

    • Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and UMD
    • University of Maryland College Park