Collective oscillations and damping of spin-driven turbulent Bose-Einstein condensates

We present observations of altered hydrodynamic properties in spin-driven turbulent spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Turbulence was sustained by spatially mixing spin with alternating magnetic fields, using a driving method that provided a unique timeframe for investigating coherent collective modes of the turbulent BEC confined in a harmonic potential. To excite the quadrupole mode in our anisotropic, pancake-shaped BEC, we periodically modulated optical dipole traps. Our findings show that for turbulent BECs, the mode's frequency experiences a slight shift, and the temperature-dependent damping rate is enhanced compared to single-component, non-driven BECs. These results suggest intricate turbulence dynamics reminiscent of classical fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations based on the Gross-Piteavskii equation reveal residual damping enhancement and propose a turbulence-induced viscosity model.