Continuous Symmetry Breaking in a 2D Dipolar Rydberg Array

We investigate strongly correlated ground states of the dipolar XY model in two dimensions. This model is naturally realized by a programmable Rydberg quantum simulator using a pair of Rydberg states as the spin encoding. On the square lattice, we demonstrate that continuous symmetry breaking can occur at finite temperatures owing to the power-law interactions. On the experimental front, we prepare correlated low-temperature states of both the XY ferromagnet and the XY antiferromagnet using an adiabatic protocol. Turning to the Kagome lattice, we numerically demonstrate that the model exhibits a gapless Dirac spin liquid ground state. We further discuss experimental signatures of the Dirac spin liquid and experimental progress in the adiabatic preparation of this phase.