Experimental observation of entanglement duality for identical particles

It was shown recently that entanglement of identical particles has a feature called dualism [Phys.Rev. Lett. 110, 140404 (2013)], which can be used to test quantum indistinguishability without bringing the particles together. Here we report an experiment that observes the entanglement duality for the first time with two identical photons, which manifest polarization entanglement when labeled by different paths or path entanglement when labeled by polarization states. By adjusting the mismatch in frequency or arrival time of the entangled photons, we tune the photon indistinguishability from quantum to classical limit and observe that the entanglement duality disappears under emergence of classical distinguishability, confirming it as a characteristic feature of quantum indistinguishable particles.